Summary of Endocrine Disrupting Properties
The fact that UV filters have more than one endocrine mode of action does not seem to be unusual. For example, homosalate, oxybenzone, and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor all exhibit ER agonism and ER antagonism (Mueller et al., 2003; Schreurs et al., 2002). Although it may seem counterintuitive, compounds with both agonist and antagonist activity at a single receptor (so-called selective ER modulators - SERMs) are relatively common and have become established therapeutic agents in endocrine-mediated diseases such as osteoporosis. effective drug therapy for cancer and breast cancer). cancer. Multiple endocrine modes of action have implications for human health and wildlife species. These issues also have potential implications for how endocrine disruptors are addressed in risk assessments and policy.
Sunscreens and UV filters are commonly used in homosalate such as skin care products, lip balms, shampoos, perfumes, hair sprays, and makeup sets. They protect against UV radiation, premature skin aging and skin cancer (Heurung et al., 2014). Common sunscreen chemicals include homosalate (HMS), 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor (4-MBC), 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), benzophenone-3 (BP- 3), 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate (OMC), 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (OD-PABA) and 3-benzylidene camphor (3-BC ). Common sources and routes of exposure are entry into bodies of water through different activities such as bathing, laundry and swimming. Multiple studies have shown that sunscreens may be endocrine disruptors that cause hypothalamic pituitary and reproductive dysfunction in humans and experimental animals (Krause et al., 2012). Dibenzoylmethane, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and cinnamate have the potential to cause photoallergic dermatitis (Johansen et al., 1996). Hydroquinone present in sunscreens and whitening creams inhibits the synthesis of melanin by inhibiting tyrosinase and may interfere with the synthesis of genetic material.