Diatomaceous earth rock is a loose, earthy or loosely cemented porous lightweight rock of sedimentary rock origin formed primarily from fragments of the armor (skeleton) of diatoms (diatoms and radiolarians). Diatomaceous earth is a type of microscopic diatoms that range in size from 0.75 to 1500 meters; sometimes, this rock is called perfusion earth, diatomaceous earth, or mountain powder. The main component of siliceous armor is silicon dioxide hydrate (opal) SiO2 nH2O with different water contents. Diatomaceous earth rocks belong to the group of materials containing silica. Diatomaceous earth originates from siliceous sedimentary rocks of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods and consists mainly of fossilized skeletons of diatoms, a single-celled aquatic plant related to algae diatomite mineral deposit of diatoms whose commercial mining is limited to the relatively modern era beginning with the Miocene. Older deposits underwent tectonic processes that resulted in changes in the structure and crystalline phases of the minerals. Amorphous silica, a constituent of diatom frustules, is the main constituent of diatomaceous earth, although other substances (metal oxides, clays, salts (mainly carbonates) and organics) may also be present in varying amounts , chemical precipitation and atmospheric exposure, together with prevailing environmental conditions, are decisive factors for the nature and importance of the impurity content of deposits (Mendioroz et al., 1989).

Diatomaceous earth is a natural material formed from the remains of diatoms that grow and deposit in oceans or lakes. Diatomaceous earth products are used in various applications such as strengthening, hardening and hardening of organic solids, reducing adhesion between solid surfaces, increasing adhesion, increasing viscosity, surfactant effect, hydrophobic effect, absorbent, catalyst and Cloud seeding (Zhaolun et al. , 2005).

Diatomaceous earth is abundant in many regions of the world and has unique physical properties such as high permeability (0.1-10 mD) and porosity (35-65%) (Murer and Mobil, 2000), small particle size, and low thermal conductivity and density (Hassan et al., 1999) and high surface area (Gao et al., 2005). The properties of diatomite surfaces, such as hydrophobicity, solubility, charge, acidity, ion exchange, and adsorption capacity, are largely influenced by the presence of water, which is structurally partially connected to the crystal network of diatomite, in Active hydroxyl groups are formed thereon (Yuan et al., 1997).

Diatomaceous earth (SiO2_nH2O) or diatomaceous earth is a light-coloured, soft, lightweight sedimentary rock consisting mainly of silica microfossils of aquatic unicellular algae. Diatomaceous earth consists of diatoms of various shapes and sizes, typically 10-200 mm, with structures containing up to 80-90% voids (Lemonas, 1997). The highly porous structure, low density, and high surface area of diatomaceous earth have led to many industrial applications as filter media for various beverages and inorganic and organic chemicals, and as adsorbents for liters and oil spills. Despite diatomaceous earth's unique combination of physical and chemical properties, its use as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment has not been extensively studied (Aytas et al., 1999; Michell and Atkinson, 1991).